DS : Delegation signer (RFC 4034)
The record used to identify the DNSSEC signing key of a delegated zone

AXFR : Full Zone Transfer (RFC 1035)
Transfer entire zone file from the master name server to secondary name servers.

CERT : Certificate record (RFC 4398)
Stores PKIX, SPKI, PGP, etc.

MX : mail exchange record (RFC 1035)
Maps a domain name to a list of mail exchange servers for that domain

CNAME : Canonical name record (RFC 1035)
Alias of one name to another: the DNS lookup will continue by retrying the lookup with the new name.

DHCID : DHCP identifier (RFC 4701)
Used in conjunction with the FQDN option to DHCP

NSEC3 : NSEC record version 3 (RFC 5155)
An extension to DNSSEC that allows proof of nonexistence for a name without permitting zonewalking

SPF : SPF record (RFC 4408)
Specified as part of the SPF protocol, as an alternative to storing SPF data in TXT records. Uses the same format as the TXT record.

SOA : start of authority record (RFC 1035)
Specifies authoritative information about a DNS zone, including the primary name server, the email of the domain administrator, the domain serial number, and several timers relating to refreshing the zone.

NS : name server record (RFC 1035)
Delegates a DNS zone to use the given authoritative name servers

NSEC3PARAM : NSEC3 parameters (RFC 5155)
Parameter record for use with NSEC3

* : All cached records (RFC 1035)
Returns all records of all types known to the name server. If the name server does not have any information on the name, the request will be forwarded on. The records returned may not be complete. For example, if there is both an A and an MX for a name, but the name server has only the A record cached, only the A record will be returned.

TKEY : Transaction Key (RFC 2930)
One way of providing a key to be used with TSIG

DNSKEY : DNS Key record (RFC 4034)
The key record used in DNSSEC. Uses the same format as the KEY record.

NSEC : Next-Secure record (RFC 4034)
Part of DNSSEC—used to prove a name does not exist. Uses the same format as the (obsolete) NXT record.

OPT : Option (RFC 2671)
This is a 'pseudo DNS record type' needed to support EDNS

KEY : Key record (RFC 4034)
Used only for TKEY (RFC 2930). Before RFC 3755 was published, this was also used for DNSSEC, but DNSSEC now uses DNSKEY.

LOC : Location record (RFC 1876)
Specifies a geographical location associated with a domain name